This is a Japan-specific tax scheme. If you are not a Japanese tax resident, it does not apply to you, or different rules will apply where you live.
How it works
The Growth Investment Quota is one part of the new NISA's tax-free allowance. It covers listed stocks and a broad range of mutual funds, and dividends, distributions, and capital gains earned within it can be received tax-free.
Difference from the Tsumitate Investment Quota
The Tsumitate Investment Quota (see related page) is limited to certain mutual funds suited to long-term, installment-based, diversified investing, while the Growth Investment Quota covers a broader range of products, including individual stocks — which is the main difference between the two.
